Goldfish
Goldfish are commonly available and many claim are beginner fish. They are hardy fish, but require much larger aquariums than beginners typically invest in. Most literature suggest Goldfish require a minimum of 30-gallons for just one and another 15-gallons per additional fish. They are also very dirty fish that require frequent water changes to keep healthy.
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) are freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, native to East Asia. They are one of the earliest domesticated fish, bred in China over a thousand years ago. Goldfish are known for their bright, metallic colors, typically orange, gold, or red, though they can also appear in white, black, or multicolored patterns.
| Scientific Name | Carassius auratus |
| Origins | East Asia |
| Adult Size | 6“ to 12” |
| Lifespan | 20 years |
| Temperment | Peaceful, Egglayer, Ominvore |
| IUCN Status | NE : Not Evaluated |
Behaviour
Healthy goldfish swim smoothly and actively. They explore their surroundings and may dart around, especially during feeding. The species are eager eaters and will often swim to the surface when they see food. They may even learn to associate you with feeding time. Goldfish do sleep, usually resting at the bottom or among plants. They may become less active during this time.
A lot of goldfish reportedly can recognize their owners and may interact with other fish. You might see them establishing pecking orders or playing. If a goldfish is rubbing against objects or flashing its body, it could indicate stress, parasites, or poor water quality. Males may create bubble nests during breeding season, particularly in certain species. This involves creating a mass of bubbles at the surface. Goldfish can change color due to stress, illness, or environmental conditions. A vibrant fish may dull in color if unwell. The species can sometimes fan their tails which can indicate excitement or a display of dominance.
Tank Setup
Goldfish can grow larger than people realized and require at least 30 gallons for one goldfish, with an additional 15 gallons for each additional fish. Goldfish produce a lot of waste, so space is crucial. Strong filtration is required to handle the bioload. Goldfish are messy eaters, so a powerful filter is necessary to maintain water quality. Choose smooth gravel or sand as a substrate to prevent injury. Avoid sharp substrates that could harm their delicate fins. Live plants can help improve water quality, but goldfish will eat many varieties. Ensure there are plenty of hiding spots and open swimming areas. Avoid sharp edges. Rocks, caves, and ornaments can provide enrichment but should be safe for fish. Goldfish prefer cooler water, around 65-75°F (18-24°C) with a pH between 6.5 and 8.0. Ammonia and Nitrite: Should always be at 0 ppm. Nitrate levels should be kept below 40 ppm. Use standard aquarium lighting for about 10-12 hours a day. This helps plants grow and provides a natural day-night cycle. Goldfish can also jump, so a secure lid is important to prevent escape.
| Temperature | 65°F to 75°F |
| pH | 7.0 - 8.5 |
| Hardness | Soft - Medium |
| Care Level | Easy |
| Tank Zone | All Zones |
| Substrate | River rock or Gravel |
| Heating Required | No |
| Lighting Requirements | Low |
| Plant Friendly | No |
| Min Tank Size | 30 gallons (15 additional per goldfish) |
Diet & Feeding
Goldfish will eat a variety of foods including:
- Goldfish Flakes or Pellets: this is typically their staple diet, with occasional changes and treats.
- Blanched Vegetables: Offer vegetables like peas (without skins), zucchini, spinach, or lettuce. These can be a great source of fiber.
- Frozen or Live Food: Occasionally feed them frozen or live foods such as brine shrimp, daphnia, or bloodworms for protein.
- Algae Wafers: Algae wafers can be beneficial, especially for goldfish that enjoy grazing.
- Treats: Small amounts of fruits like watermelon or oranges can be given as treats, but these should be limited to avoid digestive issues.
Breeding
Breeding goldfish can take patience, but with the right setup and care, you can successfully raise healthy fry!
Tank Mates
Choose tank mates carefully. Suitable companions include other goldfish or compatible fish like certain types of minnows. Avoid aggressive or fin-nipping species.
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