ammonia

In fishkeeping, ammonia is a crucial but potentially dangerous compound. It’s a byproduct of fish waste, uneaten food, and decomposing organic matter in the aquarium. Here's how it relates to fishkeeping:

1. Source of Ammonia: Ammonia (NH₃) in the aquarium is primarily produced by fish waste, excess food, and decaying plant material. When these materials break down, they release ammonia into the water.
2. Toxicity: Ammonia is highly toxic to fish, even at relatively low concentrations. It can cause gill damage, stress, and even death. Fish are more sensitive to ammonia in warmer water and at higher pH levels.
3. Nitrogen Cycle: To manage ammonia levels, aquariums rely on the nitrogen cycle, which involves beneficial bacteria. These bacteria convert ammonia into nitrite (NO₂⁻) and then into nitrate (NO₃^⁻). Nitrate is less harmful and can be managed through regular water changes.
4. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: These bacteria convert ammonia into nitrite.
5. Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria: These bacteria convert nitrite into nitrate.
6. Testing and Management: Regular testing of water for ammonia levels is essential. Ammonia levels should ideally be zero or undetectable. If ammonia is present, it indicates that the nitrogen cycle is not fully established or there’s an imbalance. Solutions include improving filtration, increasing aeration, reducing feeding, and performing water changes.
7. Ammonia Detoxifiers: There are also products available that can temporarily neutralize ammonia, but they don’t replace the need for proper filtration and water changes. An popular detoxifier is, Seachem Prime.